Before Mount Rushmore: The Story of Spotted Tail

A cinematic tribute to Siŋté Glešká (Spotted Tail) of the Sicangu (Brulé) Lakota: warrior, diplomat, and defender of Pahá Sápa (the Black Hills). Set to the Victory/Veteran's Song and the Lakota Flag Song, this short evokes his journey from Jumping Buffalo to statesman; the 1868 Treaty; the 1874 gold incursion; “sell-or-starve”; the seizure of the Black Hills; and the sacred memory of Tȟuŋkášila Šákpe (“The Six Grandfathers”).